The landscape of construction has been dramatically transformed through a variety of modern methods of construction (MMC), which have evolved the industry's overall operations significantly.
This remarkable shift not only enhances existing processes but also leads to groundbreaking developments within this field.
Understanding Modern Construction Methods
Modern construction methods (MMC) refer to innovative procedures and products designed within the construction sector to minimize both time and costs while also promoting sustainability.
A diverse array of techniques is currently utilized. The most recognized and commonly applied modern construction methods include the following:
Types of Modern Construction Methods
The construction industry employs several MMCs, including:
- Flat Panel Precast System
- Volumetric 3D Modules
- Flat Slab Building
- Panels of Precast Cladding
- Concrete Floors and Walls
- Concrete Precast Foundation
- Insulation for Concrete Formwork
Flat Panel Precast System
This technique involves the off-site fabrication of floor and wall units, necessitating dedicated factory outlets and facilities for production. The panel units are crafted according to specific design criteria and taken to the building site for installation, making it ideal for ongoing construction project activities.
The manufactured panels may come complete with windows, doors, and various finishes. The method also includes factory-fitted building envelope panels featuring insulation and decorative cladding that can serve as load-bearing elements.
3D Volumetric Construction
As suggested by its name, 3D volumetric construction involves the production of three-dimensional modules off-site, which are then conveyed to the installation location and assembled module by module. Each unit manufactured is a fully finished 3D element, resulting in this method being recognized as a form of modular construction.
These modules can be relocated using different transportation methods. They may involve transporting either the basic structure or a fully completed unit with all the internal and external finishes and services pre-installed, leaving only the assembly as the task at hand. Quality assurance is a consistent element throughout the factory production process, making this method particularly effective for repetitive projects aiming for quick assembly.
Flat Slab Building
Flat slabs represent highly adaptable structural features commonly found in construction endeavors. Given their flexibility, flat slabs offer minimal depth and expedite the building process. The system is also designed with user-friendly column grids.
These slabs are advantageous in situations requiring sound and fire protection by allowing for adjustments to partitions directly to the slab soffit. Compared to other construction approaches, flat slabs save time and reduce costs. Additionally, they increase energy efficiency through the utilization of the building's thermal mass, aiding in the planning of heating, ventilation, and cooling requirements.
Concrete Precast Foundations
Opting for precast concrete can accelerate foundation construction. This method lends itself well to custom designs, where the necessary elements are manufactured separately in a factory before being transported to the site for assembly. Products must comply with quality benchmarks outlined by the designer.
The concrete piles serve as the primary support for the assembled foundation, effectively connecting both systems during assembly. This approach significantly boosts productivity, enhances quality, and reduces soil excavation needs, proving especially beneficial in extreme weather conditions and on contaminated grounds.
Twin Wall Technology
The twin wall technology encompasses a hybrid wall system, marrying the speed of construction with precast concrete's qualities alongside the integrity of in-situ concrete. This specific wall system ensures both structural reliability and resistance to water infiltration, comprising two wall slabs separated by lattice grinders cast in place. The process typically involves the following steps:
- Production of wall units.
- Temporary elevation of the twin units.
- Reinforcement to connect wall units.
- Filling the space between the wall units with concrete.
This approach proves to be faster and more cost-efficient compared to traditional construction methodologies. The twin wall system is notably employed for erecting precast flooring.
Insulating Concrete Formwork
The insulating concrete formwork (ICF) system utilizes twin-walled panels, which can be either polystyrene panels or blocks that interconnect to create the building's formwork.
The concrete used serves as the essential formwork, manufactured under strict quality control and prepared as a ready mix, mainly composed of ready-mix concrete.
Expanded polystyrene blocks offer superior thermal insulation, while the concrete core provides essential structural strength and sound insulation.
Panels of Precast Cladding
Precasting for cladding involves the application of one material atop another, thereby forming a protective layer or skin. This layering process enhances aesthetic appeal while also contributing to managing the infiltration of weather elements.
It is important to note that cladding does not provide waterproofing; instead, it functions as a water barrier that effectively guides runoff away, thus aiding in the prevention of weather-related infiltration into structures.
Concrete Floors and Walls
Concrete walls find their application in a multitude of forms, including seat walls, retaining walls, as well as decorative finishes—both exterior and interior. Beyond that, concrete also serves as a favored flooring option.
Modern advancements allow for impressive finishes on concrete floors, resulting in smooth and visually appealing surfaces. Known as cement flooring, concrete floors stand out as a cost-effective flooring alternative that requires limited maintenance, easily maintained using a dust mop on properly sealed surfaces.